Glossary of Terms

ANSI - American National Standards Institute. Coordinates the work of U.S standards writing groups with each other.

Burner Management System - The Burner Management System is an electronic controller. Provides ignition, flame fail and monitoring.

Burner System - The Burner System includes the Burner Management System all control connections, solenoids, valves, and the actual burner itself.

British Thermal Unit (btu) - The British Thermal Unit is a measure of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1 degree F.

CSA - Canadian Standards Association - Originally established as the Canadian Engineering Standards Organization (CESA), changed their name to the CSA name in the 1940's. Standards include all types of industrial and consumer products, materials and manufactured systems. http://www.csagroup.org/ca/en/home

Combustion Efficiency - Combustion Efficiency is calculated by measuring the CO2, change in temperature and O2 in the flue stack. Higher efficiency equates directly to more heat transferred into the process fluid from burning less fuel gas.

Dehydrators - A Dehydrator is a heat exchanger intended to evaporate off or dehydrate produced petroleum fluids.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation - True recirculation of exhaust gases reduces peak flame temperature further reducing NOx. This is a system used by most engine manufacturers today; the concept is quite simple. Put a bit of exhaust gas into the engine intake, it actually cools off the combustion process. Nitrous Oxide compounds are formed when Nitrogen "burns" due to combustion temperatures getting too high.

Flame Fail - System in the burner where the Burner Management System senses that the flame is out, will try to restart, but then shut off the fuel supply for safety and environmental reasons if restart cannot be accomplished after a designed number of tries. The reasons that a flame fail system is included in Burner Management Systems and other related devices are twofold: safety and increased focus on prevention of leakage to the environment. In closed areas, such as homes, process buildings etc., gas can build up and eventually ignite. When this happens, major damage is often the result with serious leaks being responsible for loss of the entire building, including loss of life. For the environmental component, if the pilot light is out, or if the system fails to ignite, these systems act to shut off the flow of gas, so that gas no longer flows out from the system.

Ground Level Ozone - Ozone is not emitted directly into the atmosphere. It is the result of a photochemical reaction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxygen (O2) in the air. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the presence of sunlight catalyze the reaction.

Glycol Dehydration - In short, this is a multi-stage process whereby high purity glycol is used to strip off water from wet gas. Heat through a firetube burner system is used to remove the water from the glycol and recycle this material for further water removal. VOCs are also emitted from this process due to glycol also absorbing hydrocarbons from the gas stream.

Heater Treater - An oil, water, and gas separator using a firetube burner for Heat Exchange used to assist in separation of oil and water emulsions on oil and gas well sites.

ISO-9001 - The ISO 9000 family of quality management systems standards is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting the statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems, including the eight management principles upon which the family of standards is based. ISO-9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard must fulfill. Third-party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO-9001. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000)

NEMA - The National Electrical Manufacturers Association is the association of electrical equipment and medical imaging manufacturers, founded in 1926 and headquartered in Rosslyn, Virginia. Nearly 400 members strong, its companies manufacture a diverse set of products including power transmission and distribution equipment, lighting systems, factory automation and control systems, and medical diagnostic imaging systems. Total U.S. shipments for electro-industry products exceed $100 billion annually. 1

NEMA 4X Enclosure - Type 4X Enclosures are constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow, splashing water, and hose-directed water); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. 2

NEMA Enclosure Types - NEMA website has additional information on various NEMA enclosure types, their applications and proper usage. "The purpose of this document is to provide general information on the definitions of NEMA Enclosure Types to architects, engineers, installers, inspectors and other interested parties. [For more detailed and complete information, NEMA Standards Publication 250-2003, "Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)" should be consulted. This Standards Publication as well as all other NEMA publications are available from IHS @ 800 854-7179 or http://www.global.ihs.com. 3

Reboiler - A type of Heat Exchanger used to assist in separation of fluids at the wellsite. A reboiler can use heat from another stream or be equipped with a firetube and burner to provide the heat.

Stoichiometric Ratio - The Stoichiometric Ratio is the proper fuel air ratio chemically to properly match fuel to combustion gas or air. Overall thermal efficiency goes down if the mixture is too rich, or too lean.

Tank Heater - A type of firetube and burner system installed in storage tanks to either aid in the water and oil separation or prevent freezing in case water is present in the tank. Tank Heaters are used in the production of oil and gas, or other materials.

True Secondary Air Control - True Secondary Air Control reduces the total volume of air that passes through the firetube without starving the primary air supply required by the high aspiration air to gas mixer.

UL - is a global independent safety science company with more than a century of expertise innovating safety solutions. http://www.ul.com

1 http://www.nema.org/About/Pages/default.aspx
2 http://www.nema.org/Products/Documents/nema-enclosure-types.pdf
3 http://www.nema.org/Products/Documents/nema-enclosure-types.pdf